Monday, July 23, 2012

TQM UNIT-III 2 MARKS


1. Give the seven tools of quality?
i. Pareto Diagram
ii. Process Flow Diagram
iii. Cause-and-Effect Diagram
iv. Check Sheets
v. Histogram
vi. Control Charts
vii. Scatter Diagrams

2. Define Statistics?
Statistics is defined as the science that deals with the collection, tabulation, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of quantitative data.

3. What is a measure of central tendency?
A measure of central tendency of a distribution is a numerical value that describes the central position of the data or how the data tend to build up in the center. There are three measures in common in use in quality viz, the average, the median and the mode.

4. What is Measures of dispersion?
Measures of dispersion describe how the data are spread out or scattered on each side of the central value. The measures of dispersion used are range and standard deviation.

5. What is a normal curve?
The normal curve is a symmetrical, unimodal, bell-shaped distribution with the mean, median and mode having the same value.

6. What is the use of the control chart?
The control chart is used to keep a continuing record of a particular quality characteristic. It is a picture of process over time.

7. Give the objectives of the attribute charts?
i. Determine the average quality level.
ii. Bring to the attention of management any changes in the average.
iii. Improve the product quality.
iv. Evaluate the quality performance of operating and management personnel.
v. Determine acceptance criteria of a product before shipment to the customer.

8. Define Six Sigma Problem Solving Method?
Define - improvement opportunity with an emphasis on increasing customer satisfaction.
Measure - determine process capability (Cp/ Cpk) & dpmo (defects per million opportunities).
Analyze - identify the vital few process input variables that affect key product output variables (“Finding the knobs”).
Improve - Make changes to process settings, redesign processes, etc. to reduce the number of defects of key output variables.
Control - Implement process control plans, install real-time process monitoring tools, standardize processes to maintain levels.

9. What are the new seven management tools?
i. Affinity Diagram
ii. Interrelationship Digraph
iii. Tree Diagram
iv. Matrix Diagram
v. Prioritization Matrices
vi. Process Decision Program Chart
vii. Activity Network diagram

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